Substituent Effect on Pyridine Efficacy as a Chelating Stabilizer

Owing to the growing interest and unique properties of pyridines as bases, effects of substitution and substituent modification on electron density enrichment of the pyridyl nitrogen, and thus the effectiveness of pyridine as metal ion-stabilizers will be introduced in this chapter. Pyridines of the structure C5(S)nH5-nN (S = substituent) that have been intensively studied theoretically were selected as examples to prove the concept of this chapter. Computational results in the reviewed reports showed that: substitution and substituent modification significantly affect the electronic enrichment of nitrogen atom of the pyridine. The conclusions extracted from the covered investigations were employed to promote pyridines to act as efficient stabilizers for the coordinated metal ions. In coordination chemistry, these kinds of coordinated complexes are highly demanded in the field of chemosensation

Mycological and enzymatic studies on fresh beef meat sold in Taiz City, Yemen

The mycological analysis of 30 fresh beef meat samples on Czapek’s agar at 7º and 28ºC revealed that, heavily contamination with moulds was observed especially at 28ºC. A total of 234 and 400 colonies ⁄ 450 g meat were collected on both temperatures, respectively. Sixty-seven species belonging to 20 genera were identified. Members of Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium and Trichoderma were the most prevalent fungi. At 7°C was highly spoilage by yeasts fungi, while filamentous fungi predominated at 28°C. The ability of the common fungal isolates to produce protease and lipase enzymes revealed that most of them were positive. Among 152 isolates tested, 103 (67.8%) and 96 (63.2%) could respectively produce these enzymes. Because the deteriorative effects of the above fungi, food should be frequently and routinely analyzed. Also, it is essential to store the meat at lower temperature immediately after slaughtering and during transport and storage to reduce or prevent mould growth. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.103723

Toxico-histological Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Lead Nitrate on the Gills of the African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus

170-175This study aimed to investigate the effects of subleathal lead doses on the histological architecture of gills in the freshwater African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Results revealed three stages of changes after exposure to three doses of lead nitrate. The changes were mild in fish exposed to 16.12 mg/L of Pb (NO3)2 (stage I 20% of LC50) and severe in case of 40% of LC50 (stage II, 32.24 mg/L) and 60% of LC50 (stage III 48.37% mg/L) in comparison to control. The histological examination revealed normal architecture of gills in control fish. Normal gills were characterized with primary gill lamellae with a central hyaline cartilage. However, three-stage changes were observed after exposure to the three doses of lead nitrate. In stage I, a cartilaginous matrix appeared along with loosening of the epithelial lining of the cartilaginous core and abundant vascular spaces were observed on the secondary gill lamellae. An extra cartilaginous matrix, loosening of the epithelial lining of the cartilaginous core, de-shaped gill lamellae, and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae were noted in stage II. Lesions in the gill pattern in stage III were represented by shortening of the tips of secondary gill lamellae, damaged gill lamellae, a cartilaginous matrix, and hyperplasia. This indicated that lead exposure resulted in severe histopathological changes in the gills in a dose-dependent manner

Trends in Mental Health of an Adolescent Medicine Clinic Patient Population

The correlation between exposure to forms of violence and development of mental disorders in victims is well established. The purpose of this paper was to identify mental health problems in an adolescent medicine clinic population in Lexington, KY and to investigate potential correlation of mental disorders with psychosocial factors. Data were gathered from the charts of 169 adolescent clinic patients (age 10-22) seen in the clinic for mental health care and analyzed using Excel. Of the patient population, 68% were urban, whereas 32% were rural. In terms of gender, 40% of the patients were male and 60% were female, 80% were white, 13% black, and 7% had other racial background(s). The most prevalent mental disorders in this group were depression 32.12%, 13% with generalized anxiety disorder, 8.2% with an attention deficit disorder (including ADHD), and 5.76% with an adjustment disorder. The abovementioned demographic trends showed that depression continues to be the most common mental health problem in this population regardless of gender, ethnic origin, or economic status. This finding highlights the need for availability of mental health support to this patient population. Further work is needed to spotlight the most significant psychosocial factors and root causes of mental health conditions in this age group

Generalized Ridges and Ravines on an Equiform Motion

In this paper we investigate a new type of ridges and ravines of the configuration space corresponding to an equiform motion in the Euclidean space R3. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of generalized ridges and ravines are expressed as a partial differential inequalities involving the principal curvatures. For special case we obtain the solution of the differential equations which characterize some type of singularities. The singularities are displayed through figures [1, 2, 3].Key words Equiform motion; Configuration space; Generalized ridges and ravine

Dynamic Analysis Of A Novel Manpowered Transportation Vehicle With High Mechanical Efficiency

This paper evaluates the dynamics of a novel manpowered transportation vehicle. The vehicle has a novel mechanism that maximizes the mechanical input work and utilizes the weight of the rider for propulsion. The rider applies reciprocating stepping linear forces to drive chain and ratchet mechanism. The later transfer the reciprocating motion into a unidirectional rotational motion at the rear wheel to propel the vehicle. We analyzed the dynamics of the driving and transmission mechanism and derived the equations of motion, at first. Then, we evaluated the performance of the vehicle. Results show significant advantages of the novel driving mechanism

United States: Mental Health Issues in an Adolescent Medicine Clinic Patient Population

The correlation between exposure to forms of violence and development of mental disorders in victims is well established. The purpose of this chapter was to identify mental health problems in an adolescent medicine clinic population in Lexington, Kentucky and to investigate potential correlation of mental disorders with psychosocial factors. Data were gathered from the charts of 169 adolescent clinic patients (age 10-22) seen in the clinic for mental health care and analyzed using Excel. Of the patient population, 68% were urban, whereas 32% were rural. In terms of gender, 40% of the patients were male and 60% were female, 80% were white, 13% black, and 7% had other racial back-ground(s). The most prevalent mental disorders in this group were depression 32.12%, 13% with generalized anxiety disorder, 8.2% with an attention deficit disorder (including ADHD), and 5.76% with an adjustment disorder. The above mentioned demographic trends showed that depression continues to be the most common mental health problem in this population regardless of gender, ethnic origin, or economic status. This finding highlights the need for availability of mental health support to this patient population. Further work is needed to spotlight the most significant psychosocial factors and root causes of mental health conditions in this age group

A new approach for describing instantaneous line congruence

summary:Based on the E. Study’s map, a new approach describing instantaneous line congruence during the motion of the Darboux frame on a regular non-spherical and non-developable surface, whose parametric curves are lines of curvature, is proposed. Afterward, the pitch of general line congruence is developed and used for deriving necessary and sufficient condition for instantaneous line congruence to be normal. In terms of this, the derived line congruences and their differential geometric invariants were examined

Local Study of Singularities on an Equiform Motion

In this paper we investigate the local singularities of the configuration space corresponding to an equiform motion in the Euclidean space $R^3$. The chaotic behavior of singularities are displayed through figures